Abstract: Objective:To develop the competency evaluation index system of the rural general practitioners.Methods:Thirty general practitioners from Bengbu and Chuzhou, 10 administrators from the health and Family Planning Commission in city/county and 10 presidents from township hospitals were interviewed using the critical incident interview method, the results of which were analyzed by NVivo8.0.software.Thirty experts were consulted with Delphy expert consultation for two rounds.The 1458 rural general practitioners from Henan, Hunan, Shanxi, Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces were investigated by questionnaire.Results:Nine competency quality dimensions(including personal trait, occupation moral ability, psychological adaptability, basic public health service ability, basic clinical skill, information management capability, system analysis capability, communication capability, cooperation capability and nonmedical professional knowledge) were extracted according to the meaning of the subject and opinions of experts.The results of Delphy expert consultation showed that the enthusiasm and authority degree of experts were 100% and Cr=0.89, respectively.The exploratory factor analysis results showed that the kaiser-meyer-olkin was 0.976, the P value was 0.000, 9 common factors were extracted, the cumulative variance was 75.128%, the Cronbach's α of the total questionnaire and various dimensions of the questionnaire was from 0.857 to 0.975.The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the χ²/df was 2.649, the root mean square error of approximation was 0.065, the goodness of fit index was 0.94, the incremental fit index was 0.98, the non-normed fit index was 0.98 and the comparative fit index was 0.98.The score of each dimension in the performance excellence general practitioners was significantly higher than that in qualifier(P<0.01).Conclusions:The development of the rural general practitioner competency assessment system can be used as the evaluating basis of the competency of rural general practitioner.