Abstract: Objective: To investigate the risk factors of macrosomia and its effects on the mode of delivery. Methods: The clinical data of 2 583 puerperas(singleton pregnancy) were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The differences of ages and number of pregnancies and deliveries in all cases were not statistically significant(P>0.05). The differences of the pre-pregnancy and prenatal weight and body mass index, levels of fasting plasma glucose and OGTT 1 h and 2 h, and mode of delivery between macrosomia and normal puerperas were statistically significant(P<0.01). Conclusions: The rate of cesarean section in macrosomia puerpera increases. To control levels of fasting plasma glucose, decrease the prenatal body mass index and terminate pregnancy can reduce the incidence of macrosomia.