Abstract: Objective: To investigated the effects of pulmonary surfactant(PS) combined with nasal continuous positive airway pressure(NCPAP) in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS).Methods: Thirty-six cases with NRDS were treated with NCPAP combined with PS.The changes of clinical manifestation and blood gas index in 36 patients were observed before and after treatment.Results: After 4 hours of treatment of the 36 NRDS cases treated with NCPAP combined with PS,the cyanosis,shortness of breath,groan and three depressions sign significantly relieved or disappeared,the blood gas analysis showed that the PaO₂ increased obviously,the PaCO₂ decreased significantly and the acidosis were corrected in 33 cases.The success rate was 91.67%.The other 3 cases with invalid treatment were changed to the mechanical ventilation treatment.No chronic lung disease occurred in all patients.Conclusions: The clinical effect of NRDS treated with NCPAP combined with PS is good.The treatment method is noninvasive ventilation,simple and quick,which can prevent the development of NRDS,avoid the mechanical ventilation use and decrease the occurrence of chronic lung disease.