Abstract: Objective: To explore the influence factors of social anxiety in senior pupils of elementary school.Methods: One thousand and twenty pupils from grade four to six in northern Anhui rural were investigated using the stratified cluster random sampling method.The questionnaire including the general condition,emotion management ability,parent-child attachment and social anxiety.Results: In the school environment,the differences of the total scores of different classroom environment,relationship between classmate and teacher,classmate relation,number of good friend,social anxiety,fear of negation, social avoidance and distress between students were statistically significant(P < 0.01).In the family environment,the scores of social anxiety and social avoidance and distress in students with father going out to work were higher than those in students without father going out to work(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01),and the scores of social avoidance and distress in students with mother going out to work were higher than those in students without mother going out to work(P < 0.05).The scores of social anxiety and binomial factors in students with "satisfaction " father live performance were lower than those in students without "satisfaction " father live performance(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01),the scores of social anxiety and binomial factors in students with "don't know" and "satisfaction " mother live performance were significantly lower than those in students without "satisfaction" mother live performance(P < 0.01),and the score of fear of negation in students with "general" and "good" economic condition were significantly lower than that in students with "poor" economic condition(P < 0.01).Correlation analysis showed that the emotion management and parent-child attachment were significantly negative correlation with the scores of social anxiety and each factor(P < 0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the emotion management ability,mother-child attachment and classmate relation were the influence factors of the total scores of social anxiety and each factor(P < 0.01). Conclusions: The emotion management ability,mother-child attachment and classmate relation are the influence factors of social anxiety.Regulating the parent-child relationship and classmate relation,and improving the emotion management ability should be emphasized in the prevention of social anxiety of children.