Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human thrombopoietin(rhTPO) in the treatment of adult immune thrombocytopenia(ITP).Methods: Ten patients with ITP were treated with rhTPO.The platelet counts and adverse effects in all cases after treatment were observed.Results: The total response,which included the complete response(CR) and effectiveness(R),and CR rates in ITP patients were 80.0% and 70.0%,respectively.Among the new diagnosis of 6 cases,CR in 5 cases and non response(NR)in 1 case were found.Among the new diagnosis of 6 cases,CR in 1 case with persistent ITP,CR,R and NR in 1 case with chronic ITP,and NR in two cases were identified.Among the effective treatment patients,the platelet count was more than 30×10⁹/L,the average time was 7.8 days,and the time of the platelet counts arriving at the normal value(100×10⁹/L) was 12 days.After stopping the rhTPO,the platelet levels in 6 patients were normal,and the longest time of maintaining normal PLT level was 17 months.During the period of treatment with rhTPO,the finger end thromboembolism in 1 case was found,the patient was treated with stopping the rhTPO use and vasoactive drugs by oral.After treatment,the symptom disappeared,and no sequelae was found.Conclusions: The treatment of ITP with rhTPO is effective and safe,which can quickly help the patient cross the high risk of serious bleeding,reduce the amount of platelet transfusion,and has not serious adverse reactions.