Abstract: Objective: To analyze the common complications of the nickel-itanium memory alloy tracheal stent implantation in the treatment of benign and malignant airway stenosis.Methods: Eighty-four patients with benign and malignant airway stenosis were implanted with the nickel-titanium memory alloy tracheal stent.The short-term and long-term complications after stenting were analyzed.Results: The postoperative short-term following-up results showed that the incidence of hemoptysis in malignant airway stenosis group was obviously higher than that in benign airway stenosis group(P<0.05).There was no difference in the incidence of pulmonary infection between two groups(P>0.05).The formation rate of granulation tissue in malignant airway stenosis group was obviously lower than that in benign airway stenosis group(P<0.01).The postoperative long-term following-up results showed that the incidence of pulmonary infection in malignant airway stenosis group was higher than that in benign airway stenosis group(P<0.05).The formation rate of granulation tissue in malignant airway stenosis group was significantly higher than that in benign airway stenosis group(P<0.05).Conclusions: The treatment effect of the benign and malignant airway stenosis with the nickel-titanium memory alloy tracheal stenting is good,but which can lead to the varying degrees of postoperative complications.The benign airway stenosis patient is susceptible to appear the airway restenosis within a short term,and the malignant airway stenosis patient is prone to appear the repeated pulmonary infection after a long term.A reasonable preoperative plan is needed to be formulated to minimize the incidence of complications.