Abstract: Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of neurosyphilis.Methods:The clinical data of 3 patients with neurosyphilis were retrospectively analyzed.The literatures about neurosyphilis from in CNKI,VIP and Wanfang database were searched,and these literatures were published in Chinese Sci-tech Core Periodicals from 1994 to 2014.Results:One hundred and thirty-three literatures(1 208 patients) were identified,1 028 patients(without 3 patients in this article) included 971 male cases(80.38%) and 237 female cases(19.62%) and the ratio of male to female was 4:1.The patients age was from 15 to 80 years old,and the patients over 60 years old was 126 cases(10.43%).The patients with play history(including spouse) in 634 cases(52.48%),HIV infection in 16 cases(1.32%),and misdiagnosis in 635 cases(52.57%) were found.The asymptomatic type neurosyphilis in 80 cases(6.62%),meningeal(spinal) type neurosyphilis in 149 cases(12.33%),meningovascular(spinal) type neurosyphilis in 389 cases(32.20%),paralytic dementia in 457 cases(37.83%),tabesdorsalis in 94 cases(7.78%),syphilitic gumma in 16 cases(1.32%),mixed type in 22 cases(1.82%) and special type(common peroneal nerve neurosyphilis) in 1 case(0.08%) were identified.Conclusions:Neurosyphilis is often found in young and middle-aged men with various clinical manifestations and high misdiagnosis rate,which can mainly be diagnosed by serum and cerebrospinal fluid examination.The imaging and electrophysiological examinations are not specific.