Abstract: Objective:To explore the characteristics of adversity quotient(AQ) and self-concept of college freshmen with rural left-behind experience,and its correlation.Methods:Two hundred and eighty-seven college students with rural left-behind experience and 133 rural college students without left-behind experience were investigated using the Adversity Quotient Inventory(AQI) and Tennessee Self-Concept Scale(TSCS).Results:Among the college students with rural left-behind experience,the endurance score in girl was higher than that in boy(P<0.05).The differences of the score of each factor and total score of AQ scale in college students with different rural left-behind time were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Compared with college students with left-behind from 6 to 11 years old,the total scores of AQI of college students with left-behind less than 6 years old,and more than 11 years old were lower(P<0.01 and P<0.05),the control factor score of college students with left-behind less than 6 years old was lower(P<0.05),and the elongation factor score of college students with left-behind more than 11 years old was lower(P<0.01).The scores of the physical self and self-concept in college students with left-behind experience were lower than those in college students without left-behind experience(P<0.05).The scores of self-moral,self-family and self-action in girl students with left-behind experience were higher than those in boy students(P<0.05 to P<0.01),and the score of self-criticism factor in girl students with left-behind experience was lower than that in boy students(P<0.01).The total score of AQI was correlated with the each factor score of TSCS,and the self-moral and self-social had positive predicting effect on the total score of AQI.Conclusions:Compared with the college students without left-behind experience,the development level of AQ in college students with left-behind experience is not obviously different,and the development level of self-concept is low.