Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effective means for the diagnosis and treatment of acute arterial embolism of the lower extremity complicated with myonephropathic metabolic syndrome(MMS).Methods: The extent of the welling and ischemia of the lower extremity,the change of creatine phosphokinase(CPK),serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT),lactat dehydrogeneise(LDH) and blood potassium were monitored.Creatinine BUN and pH of the blood were checked repeatedly.Once diagnosed,fasciotomy should be performed.In addition,alkalinization of the urine,oxygen-derived free radical scavengers should be administered.Results: Of the 48 patients with acute arterial embolism of the lower extremity,18 were complicated with MMS.One died,and the mortality rate was 11.1%;one case was amputated up the knee,and the rate of amputation was 5.6%.Conclusions: The rate of death or amputation might be reduced by embolectomy combined with the administration of vigorous hydration,alkalinization of the urine,oxygen-derived free radical scavengers and effective fasciotomy.