Abstract: Objective:To explore the risk factors and preventive measures for conversion to open cholecystectomy in emergent laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC). Methods:The clinical data of 103 cases of LC were performed single factor analysis and multiple factor analysis with logistic regression; and the independent risk factors affecting the conversion of LC to laparotomy were concluded. Results:The operation was successfully performed in 103 cases,and 9 cases were converted to open surgery. The analysis revealed that the risk factors included thickened gallbladder wall,times of cholecystitis attacks, history of upper abdominal operation, cystic duct calculus incarceration and ALT(P<0.05 to P<0.01). Conclusions:The risk factors of conversion to open cholecystectomy include thickened gallbladder wall, history of upper abdominal operation,times of acute cholecystitis attacks(> 3 times), stone incarceration on the neck of gallbladder and ALT levels. Analysis of the risk factors and master the operative skills is efective method to reduce the rate of complications and conversion to laparotomy.