Abstract: Objective: To investigate the change of biochemical index of blood lipid profiles such as serum total cholesterol levels in patients with multiple myeloma(MM) and its clinical significance.Methods: The serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),and other biochemistry markers correlated with lipid metabolism were determined at the time of diagnosis and two months later in 48 patients with MM.The relativity analysis was made between serum TC and plasma albumen.Results: The untreated MM had reduced TC(P<0.001) and HDL-C(P<0.001) levels compared with the healthy.There were negative correlations between serum TC levels and plasma total protein(TP) levels(P<0.001),while there were positive correlations between TC levels and albumin(Alb) levels(P<0.01) in all untreated MM.Two months after treatment,the blood lipid levels improved in all patients with MM,while a notabile increase of serum TC and HDL-C levels(P<0.001) was observed in all the patients responding to the therapy.Conclusions: The serum total cholesterol might be considered a useful biochemical and prognostic index in experimental diagnosis and estimating the clinical effect for patients with MM.