Abstract: Objective:To explore the strategy and efficacy of microsurgerical treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage of the basal ganglia region with small bone window.Methods:The clinical data of 15 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage of the basal ganglia region were treated with the microsurgery of small bone window through transsylvian transinsular and superior temporal lobe gyrus were retrospectively analyzed.Eight cases and 7 cases were operated through transsylvian transinsular and the cortex of superior temporal lobe gyrus,respectively.Results:No deaths occurred.According to the actirvties of daily living test,grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳand Ⅴwere found in 3,7,3,1 and 1 patients,respectively.Conclusions:According to the amount and site of hematoma,microsurgical treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia region with small bone window via transsylvian transinsular and superior temporal lobe gyrus is an effective approach,which is consistent with the concept minimal invasion.