Abstract: Objective: To compare the effects of the minimally invasive trepanation and drainage and the small bone window craniotomy in the treatment of moderate amounts of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia. Methods: Forty-eight patients with moderate amounts of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia were treated with minimally invasive trepanation and drainage( trepanation and drainage group，25 cases) and small bone window craniotomy ( small bone window group，23 cases) ，respectively. Their clinical data wereretrospectively analyzed. Results: The time of operation and hospital stays and peri-operative bleeding in trepanation and drainage group were significantly lower than those in small bone window group( P ＜ 0. 05 to P ＜ 0. 01) . The differences of the overall incidence of complications，curative effects and good long-term prognosis rate between two groups had no statistical significance( P ＞ 0. 05) . Conclusions: The curative effects of the minimally invasive trepanation and drainage and the small bone window craniotomy in the treatment of moderate amounts of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia are good. The time of operation and hospital stays and peri-operative bleeding in trepanation and drainage group are lower than those in small bone window group.