Abstract: Objective: To study the diagnosis,pathological features,surgical therapy and prognosis of rectal carcinoid.Methods: Clinicopathologic data of 11 patients with rectal carcinoid were analyzed retrospectively.Results: The rectoromanoscopy and biopsy were taken in all patients.Tumor location were between the anal verge and 8 cm in 11 patients.Three patients with tumor＜1 cm in diameter had no muscularis invasion; 3 patients with tumors 1-2 cm,1 case had muscularis invasion,2 cases had no muscularis invasion;5 patients with tumors ＞ 2 cm had muscularis invasion.Immunohistochemistry study was done in all patients.Eleven cases were positive for neuron-specific enolase, 10 cases were positive for chromogranias A,4 cases were positive for synaptophysin.Three patients were treated with local resection or fulguration,7 patients were freated with radical operation.These patients were followed-up 7-192 months with 2 patients died.Conclusions: The authors consider the digital examination of the rectum and rectoromanoscopy are important methods to diagnose rectal carcinoid preoperatively, in addition, for suspicious case, immunohistochemistry study should be made besides routine HE staining,The operative treatment is the best therapy to this kind of disease.The choice of operative mode and prognosis depend on the size of tumor and depth of invasion.