Abstract: Objective:To investigate the feasibility of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) in tissue engineering bone repair of tubular bone defects． Methods:The rabbit ADSCs were isolated and cultured from scapular fat of New Zealand white rabbits． Passage 3 rADSCs were seeded onto demineralized bone matrix(DBM) and osteoinductively cultured，LG-DMEM was set as control group． Bilateral critical-sized bone defects(15 mm) of ulna were created． One side of the defect was repaired with rADSCs-DBM(experimental group)，another side of the defect was repaired with only DBM(control group)． The osteogenesis was observed by three-dimensional CT and histological examination at 12 weeks after treatment． Results:At 12 weeks after implantation，three-dimensional CT scan showed that new bones formed in experimental group，while no bone tissue formation in control group． Histological examination revealed that the defect was replaced by typical bone tissue in experimental side，while only minimal bone formation and fibrous connection was observed in control group． Conclusions:rADSCs can well adhere and grow in the surface of DBM． Rabbit ADSCs combined with decalcified bone material can successfully repair the critical-sized tubular bone defects．