Abstract: Objective: To observe the efficacy of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside(GM1) in treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE). Methods: Forty-four cases of neonatal HIE were evenly divided into two groups. The control group were administered the conventional therapy and citicoline; the treatment group,in addition to the therapy of the control group,received GM1. The clinical manifestation and recovery of the children in the two groups were observed and recorded. The neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) scores were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: The total response rates of the treatment group and the control group were 95.45% and 63.64%,respectively (P < 0.05). The NBNA scores in the treatment group were higher than that in the control group at 10-14 days during the treatment (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Early application of neonatal GM1 can effectively improve the nervous system dysfunction of the children with HIE.