Dietary investigation and analysis of the diabetic kidney disease and chronic kidney disease patients complicated with diabetes mellitus

ObjectiveTo investigate the dietary intake in patients with diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD)complicated with diabetes, and provide the direction for further nutritional therapy.

MethodsThe dietary survey was implemented using 3-day 24 h dietary review method.The nutrient intake in 93 patients with DKD and CKD complicated with diabetes were calculated using food composition table, and which was compared with China health industry standard(WS/T 557-2017) recommended dietary requirements for CKD patients.

ResultsThe actual protein intake in the population was lower than that of recommended amount(P < 0.01).The proportion of high-quality protein intake was significantly higher than that of the recommended value(P < 0.01), and the difference between energy intake and recommended amount was not statistically significant(P>0.05).There was no statistical significance in the nutritional intake of patients with different genders(P>0.05), the difference of the proportion of high-quality protein intake among patients with different CKD stages were statistically significant(P < 0.05), and the difference of protein intake between dialysis and non-dialysis patients was statistically significant(P < 0.05).The protein intake in patients with different genders, CKD stages and dialysis status were significantly lower than those of recommended value(P < 0.01).The proportion of high-quality protein intake in patients with different genders, dialysis status and CKD stage 4 and 5 were significantly higher than that of recommended value(P < 0.01), and the difference between the proportion of high-quality protein intake and recommended value in patients with CKD stage 3 was not statistically significant(P>0.05).

ConclusionsThe protein intake of(DKD patients and CKD patients complicated with diabetes are lower than that of recommended amount of the guideline.There are differences in protein intake among patients with different CKD stages and with or without dialysis.The nutrition education should be strengthened and individualized dietary guidance in combination with disease stage and treatment status.