Analysis of the efficacy and safety of early aerosol inhalation of budesonide suspension in the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of early aerosol inhalation of budesonide suspension in the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) in preterm infants.

MethodsThis prospective randomized cohort study was conducted from November 2017 to May 2020 in the department of neonatology.A total of 102 preterm infants with gestational age < 32 weeks and admission within 3 days after birth received mechanical ventilation or nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation.The infants were randomly divided into intervention group(n=50) and control group(n=52).The intervention group received aerosol inhalation of budesonide suspension, and the control group received aerosol inhalation of equivalent volumes of 0.9% sodium chloride solution.The primary and secondary outcome were compared between the two groups.

ResultsThe incidence of BPD or death in intervention group was lower than that in control group(P < 0.05), the incidence of BPD in survival infants in intervention group was lower than that in control group(P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of moderate and severe BPD in intervention group was lower than that in control group(P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in incidence of mild, moderate and severe BPD between the two groups(P>0.05).The duration of atmospheric oxygen therapy and hospital stay in intervention group were significantly lower than those in control group(P < 0.01 and P < 0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications, body mass change, hemoglobin, platelet, electrolytes of liver and kidney function, and the utilization rate of pulmonary surfactant, caffeine citrate, and dexamethasone between the two groups(P>0.05).

ConclusionsEarly aerosol inhalation of budesonide suspension after birth can reduce the incidence of BPD and moderate to severe BPD in preterm infants with mechanically assisted ventilation, and has no significant effect on mortality and no short-term adverse reactions.