Analysis of high-risk factors and clinical follow-up of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants with different gestational ages

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants with different gestational ages.

MethodsNinety-five premature infants with different gestational ages diagnosed as BPD were retrospectively analyzed.According to gestational age, there were 16 cases of super premature infants (< 28 weeks), 62 cases of extremely premature infants (28-31⁺⁶ weeks), and 17 cases of middle and late premature infants (32-36⁺⁶ weeks).The history of disease during pregnancy, prenatal hormone use, and gender, birth weight, asphyxia, patent ductus arteriosus, medication, transfuse blood, mechanical ventilation time, oxygen inhalation time, hospitalization time of premature infants with different gestational ages were analyzed.Some children were followed up after discharge.

ResultsAmong BPD preterm infants with different gestational ages, the effect of maternal pregnancy with preeclampsia on middle and late preterm infants was significantly higher than that of extremely premature infants and super premature group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).The mechanical ventilation time of the super premature infants was significantly longer than that of the extremely premature infants and the middle and late premature infants, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01).The oxygen inhalation time of super preterm infants was significantly higher than that of extremely preterm infants and middle and late preterm infants, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01).The hospitalization time of super preterm infants were significantly higher than those of extremely preterm infants and middle and late preterm infants, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01).The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus in super preterm infants was significantly higher than that in extremely preterm infants and middle and late preterm infants, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01).The incidence of pneumonia in middle and late premature infants and super premature infants was significantly higher than that in extremely premature infants, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).During the follow-up 45 children (between 6 months and 5 years old), it was found that some children had different degrees of growth retardation, respiratory diseases, hearing impairment, vision disorder and abnormal brain development, and 5 children died.

ConclusionsThere is diversity in the factors that contribute to the occurrence of BPD in premature infants.The younger the gestational age, the longer the duration of mechanical ventilation and oxygen use, resulting in an increased risk of developing BPD and a poorer prognosis.Therefore, pregnant womem should do well in pregnancy and it is necessary to standardize rational drug use and oxygen use, adopt lung protective ventilation strategy, and actively and comprehensively support treatment for premature infants.