Influence of dietary nursing guided by developmental origins of health and disease on self-management ability and pregnancy outcome of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective To investigate the influence of dietary nursing guided by developmental origins of health and disease on self-management ability and pregnancy outcome of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).

Methods Ninety-three patients with GDM were selected by simple random sampling, and randomly divided into the control group(47 cases) and observation group(46 cases).The control group received the routine diet nursing, the observation group received diet nursing guided by developmental origins of health and disease.The self-management ability, diet behavior compliance, blood glucose level and pregnancy outcome before and after intervention were compared between two groups.

Results On the day of diagnosis, there was no statistical significance in the scores and total scores of GDM maternal self-management evaluation scale(SSPGDM) and dietary behavior compliance scale for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DBCS-T2DM) between two groups(P>0.05).After 8 weeks of intervention, the each dimension scores and total scores of SSPGDM and DBCS-T2DM in two groups were higher than those on the day of diagnosis(P < 0.05), and the each dimension scores and total scores of SSPGDM and DBCS-T2DM in the observation group were higher than those in control group(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The results of intra-group comparison showed that the 2 h postprandial blood glucose in two groups after 2, 6 and 8 weeks of intervention were lower than that on the day of diagnosis(P < 0.05), the 2 h postprandial blood glucose in two groups after 6 and 8 weeks of intervention were lower than that after 2 weeks of diagnosis(P < 0.05), and the 2 h postprandial blood glucose after 8 weeks of intervention in two groups were lower than that after 6 weeks of interventionn(P < 0.05).The results of inter-group comparison showed that there was no statistical significance in fasting blood glucose and 2 h postprandial blood glucose between two groups on the day of diagnosis and after 2 weeks of intervention(P>0.05), and the fasting blood glucose and 2 h postprandial blood glucose in the observation group were significantly lower than those in control group after 6 and 8 weeks of intervention(P < 0.01).

Conclusions Dietary nursing directed by developmental origins of health and disease for GDM patients can effectively improve their self-management ability and dietary behavior compliance, and has a positive role in improving the blood glucose level of patients and pregnancy outcomes.