Objective To analyze the effects of micro-geomorphic fluorapatite (FA)-polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber three-dimensional scaffolds on the proliferation, mineralization and differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells.
Methods The rat models were constructed and divided into three groups. The negative control group was implanted with collagen gel, the observation group was implanted with micro-geomorphic FA-PCL nanofiber three-dimensional scaffold, and the blank control group did not receive any treatment. The periodontal ligament remodeling related factors were compared among three groups. Periodontal ligament stem cells were isolated from periodontal tissue of young permanent teeth extracted by orthodontic treatment. The cells were randomly divided the A–F groups. The group A was treated with 10 ng/mL final concentration of porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS) + FA-PCL. The group B was treated with 10 ng/mL final concentration of PG-LPS + PCL. The group C was treated with 10 μg/mL PG-LPS + FA-PCL. The group D was treated with 10 μg/mL PG-LPS + PCL. The group E was treated with FA-PCL. The group F was traeted with PCL. The changes of cell proliferation, differentiation and mineralization activity in A–F groups were observed.
Results There were statistically significant differences in the number of trabeculae (Tb.N), tissue mineral density (TMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) among the blank control group, negative control group and observation group, while the levels of Tb.N TMD, BV/TV, BMD and Tb.Th were the highest, and the Tb.Sp was the lowest in the observation group (P ＜ 0.05 to P ＜ 0.01). There was no statistical significance in the HE staining pathological score, IL-6 and IL-1b levels among the blank control group, negative control group and observation group (P ＞ 0.05), while the level of MCP-1 in the observation group was the lowest (P ＜ 0.05). The cell proliferation ability of the group A and group B was higher than that of the other groups at 24 h and 48 h (P ＜ 0.05), but there was no statistical significance in the cells proliferation between group A and group B (P ＞ 0.05). The expression levels of Runx2 and Spp1 ALP in group E were the highest (P ＜ 0.05), which in the group A and group C were higher that in group B, group D and group F (P ＜ 0.05), and the levels of various indicators in the group A were higher than those in group C (P ＜ 0.05 to P ＜ 0.01). After the periodontal ligament stem cells were treated with Von Kossa and alizarin red S, it could be seen that the cells in group E had synthesized and released a large mount of phosphate and calcium salts, and the severity of staining in the group E was significantly higher than that in the other groups. The staining depth of Von Kossa and alizarin red S in the group A and group C were higher than those in group B and group D, and which in group A was higher than that in group C.
Conclusions The micro-geomorphic FA-PCL nanofiber three-dimensional scaffold can effectively promote the proliferation of periodontal ligament stem cells, and improve the mineralization and differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells.
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